What does an abnormal alpha-fetoprotein level indicate?

An abnormal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level is primarily used as a screening tool to assess the risk of potential problems with fetal development, particularly neural tube defects, abdominal wall defects, and certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. Elevated levels of AFP may suggest issues like spina bifida or anencephaly, while low levels can be associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, identifying abnormalities in AFP levels facilitates early detection and intervention, promoting better outcomes for both the fetus and the mother. This screening is a standard part of prenatal care to help assess overall fetal health and development risk.