What is the primary cause of late decelerations in fetal heart rate?

Late decelerations in fetal heart rate are primarily caused by uteroplacental insufficiency. This condition occurs when the placenta does not provide adequate blood flow and oxygen to the fetus, often due to factors such as maternal hypertension, placental abruption, or other issues that impair placental function. As a result, when the uterus contracts during labor, the fetus experiences a drop in heart rate due to decreased oxygenation, leading to the characteristic pattern of late decelerations, where the deceleration occurs after the peak of a contraction.

Understanding this link is crucial for healthcare providers, as it indicates potential fetal distress and the need for timely intervention to ensure the well-being of the fetus. Monitoring and addressing uteroplacental insufficiency can lead to improved outcomes for both the mother and the baby.