What should a nurse instruct a patient about the risk of group B streptococcus during labor?

The instruction regarding the risk of group B streptococcus (GBS) during labor highlights a significant concern related to the transmission of this bacteria from mother to baby during delivery. GBS is a type of bacteria that can be found in the vagina or rectum of about 25% of pregnant women. While it is often harmless to the mother, it can pose serious risks to the newborn if transmitted during childbirth.

When a pregnant individual tests positive for GBS, it is crucial to administer antibiotics during labor to help prevent the bacteria from being passed to the baby. The potential complications for the newborn, including sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, underscore the importance of screening and appropriate treatment. This proactive approach significantly reduces the risk of neonatal GBS infection.

In contrast, GBS is not considered harmless to the newborn, screening is indeed necessary, and appropriate antibiotic therapy must be administered during labor, not postpartum. Therefore, understanding the transmission risk and the critical timing for antibiotic administration is essential for ensuring the health and safety of both the mother and the infant during the birthing process.