Which of the following is considered a normal finding in a newborn's first assessment?

The presence of vernix caseosa is a normal finding during the first assessment of a newborn. Vernix caseosa is a thick, white, cheesy substance composed of shed fetal skin cells, vernix secretions, and other substances. It serves several purposes, including protecting the skin of the fetus during its development in the amniotic fluid and aiding in the transition to life outside the womb.

Typically, vernix is noted at birth and may be present in varying amounts depending on the gestational age of the infant; it tends to diminish the closer the delivery is to term. In preterm infants, for instance, vernix may be present in larger quantities. Its presence is beneficial as it helps moisturize and protect the delicate skin of the newborn.

In contrast, hypotonic muscle tone may indicate an underlying issue related to neurological function, and increased reflexes might suggest potential hyperreflexia, which is generally not considered a normal neonatal finding. Dry skin with peeling can occur but is more often associated with post-maturity rather than a routine finding in newborn assessments. Thus, the presence of vernix caseosa is recognized as a typical and healthy indicator during a newborn's initial evaluation.